标题: [Unity 组件参考手册]组件：渲染组件之摄像机 [打印本页] 作者: . 时间: 2013-2-4 17:14 标题: [Unity 组件参考手册]组件：渲染组件之摄像机 This group contains all Components that have to do with rendering in-game and user interface elements. Lighting and special effects are also included in this group.
这个组包括在游戏中渲染和界面元素的所有组件。光照和特定效果也包含在这个组。
下面介绍摄像机。
Cameras are the devices that capture and display the world to the player. By customizing and manipulating cameras, you can make the presentation of your game ***ly unique. You can have an unlimited number of cameras in a scene. They can be set to render in any order, at any place on the screen, or only certain parts of the screen.
Unity's flexible Camera object
Unity灵活的Camera对象
【Properties 属性】
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Clear Flags 清除标识
Determines which parts of the screen will be cleared. This is handy when using multiple Cameras to draw different game elements.
确定了屏幕哪些部分将被清除。这是为了方便使用多个摄像机画不同的游戏元素。
Background 背景
Color applied to the remaining screen after all elements in view have been drawn and there is no skybox.
应用于视图中的所有元素绘制后，和没有天空盒的情况下,剩余屏幕的颜色
Culling Mask 消隐遮罩
Include or omit layers of objects to be rendered by the Camera. Assign layers to your objects in the Inspector.
包含层或忽略层将被相机(Camera)渲染。在检视窗口向对象分配层。
Projection 投影
Toggles the camera's capability to simulate perspective.
切换相机的能力，以模拟***。
Perspective ***
Camera will render objects with perspective intact.
摄像机（Camera）将使物体和***完好无损。
Orthographic 正交
Camera will render objects uniformly, with no sense of perspective.
相机会均匀地渲染物体，没有***感。
Size 大小 （当正交被选择上）
(when Orthographic is selected)
The viewport size of the Camera when set to Orthographic.
当摄像机设置为正交模式，摄影机视口的大小
Field of view 视野
Width of the Camera's view angle, measured in degrees along the local Y axis.
相机的视野，沿着本地Y轴测量的度为单位。
Clipping Planes 裁剪面
Distances from the camera to start and stop rendering.
相机到开始和结束渲染的距离
Near 近
The closest point relative to the camera that drawing will occur.
相对于相机，绘制将发生的最近点。
Far 远
The furthest point relative to the camera that drawing will occur.
相对于相机，绘制将发生的最远点。
Normalized View Port Rect
规范化的视口矩形
Four values that indicate where on the screen this camera view will be drawn, in Screen Coordinates (values 0-1).
标明这台相机视图将会在屏幕上绘制的屏幕坐标(值0 - 1) 的4个值。
X
The beginning horizontal position that the camera view will be drawn.
将得出相机视图的开始水平位置。
Y
The beginning vertical position that the camera view will be drawn.
将得出相机视图的开始垂直位置。
W (Width) 宽度
Width of the camera output on the screen. 摄像机输出在屏幕上的宽度。
H (Height) 高度
Height of the camera output on the screen. 摄像机输出在屏幕上的高度。
Depth 深度
The camera's position in the draw order. Cameras with a larger value will be drawn on top of cameras with a smaller value.
相机在渲染顺序上的位置。具有较低深度的相机将在较高深度的相机之前渲染。
Rendering Path 渲染路径
Options for defining what rendering methods will be used by the camera.
定义什么绘制方法将被用于相机的选项。
Use Player Settings 使用玩家设置
This camera will use whichever Rendering Path is set in the Player Settings.
在玩家设置（Player Settings.）相机使用哪个渲染路径。
Vertex Lit 顶点光照
All objects rendered by this camera will be rendered as Vertex-Lit objects.
所有被这个相机渲染的物体都将渲染成Vertex-Lit物体。
Forward 正向渲染
All objects will be rendered with one pass per material, as was standard in Unity 2.x.
所有对象每材质渲染只渲染一次，和Unity 2.x中的标准一样。
Deferred Lighting 延迟照明
(Unity Pro only)
All objects will be drawn once without lighting, then lighting of all objects will be rendered together at the end of the render queue.
所有物体将在无光照的环境渲染一次，然后在渲染队列尾部将物体的光照一起渲染出来。
Target Texture 目标纹理
(Unity Pro/Advanced only)
Reference to a Render Texture that will contain the output of the Camera view. Making this reference will disable this Camera's capability to render to the screen.
参见 渲染纹理 （Render Texture），渲染纹理 （Render Texture）包含相机视图输出。这会使相机渲染在屏幕上的能力被禁止。
【Details 细节】
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Cameras are essential for displaying your game to the player. They can be customized, scripted, or parented to achieve just about any kind of effect imaginable. For a puzzle game, you might keep the Camera static for a full view of the puzzle. For a first-person shooter, you would parent the Camera to the player character, and place it at the character's eye level. For a racing game, you'd likely want to have the Camera follow your player's vehicle.
You can create multiple Cameras and assign each one to a different Depth. Cameras are drawn from low Depth to high Depth. In other words, a Camera with a Depth of 2 will be drawn on top of a Camera with a depth of 1. You can adjust the values of the Normalized View Port Rectangle property to resize and position the Camera's view onscreen. This can create multiple mini-views like missile cams, map views, rear-view mirrors, etc.
您可以创建多个摄像机（Cameras），每一个分配到不同的深度。相机从低深度到高深度进行绘制。换句话说，深度为2的摄像机将会绘制在深度为1的相机的上面。（深度为2的相机会在深度为1的相机绘制后绘制。）你可以调整规范化视口矩形（ Normalized View Port Rectangle）的值来调整相机视口在屏幕上的大小和位置。这可以创造像导弹凸轮，地图视野，后视镜等多个迷你视野.（mini-views）
Render Path 渲染路径
Unity supports different Rendering Paths. You should choose which one you use depending on your game content and target platform / hardware. Different rendering paths have different features and performance characteristics that mostly affect Lights and Shadows.
The rendering Path used by your project is chosen in Player Settings. Additionally, you can override it for each Camera.
For more info on rendering paths, check the rendering paths page.
渲染路径的详细信息，看"渲染路径"页面。
Clear Flags 清除标识
Each Camera stores color and depth information when it renders its view. The portions of the screen that are not drawn in are empty, and will display the skybox by default. When you are using multiple Cameras, each one stores its own color and depth information in buffers, accumulating more data as each Camera renders. As any particular Camera in your scene renders its view, you can set the Clear Flags to clear different collections of the buffer information. This is done by choosing one of the four options:
This is the default setting. Any empty portions of the screen will display the current Camera's skybox. If the current Camera has no skybox set, it will default to the skybox chosen in the Render Settings (found in Edit->Render Settings). It will then fall back to the Background Color. Alternatively a Skybox component can be added to the camera. If you want to create a new Skybox, you can use this guide.
这是默认设置。屏幕上的任何空的部分将显示当前相机的天空盒。如果当前的相机没有设置天空盒，它会默认在渲染设置（Render Settings ）选择天空盒（在 Edit->Render Settings可以找到）。它将会变回背景色。另外天空盒组件可以添加到相机上。如果你想创建一个新的天空盒，您可以使用本指南。（you can use this guide）
Solid Color 纯色
Any empty portions of the screen will display the current Camera's Background Color.
任何空部分，屏幕显示为当前相机的背景色。
Depth Only 仅深度
If you wanted to draw a player's gun without letting it get clipped inside the environment, you would set one Camera at Depth 0 to draw the environment, and another Camera at Depth 1 to draw the weapon alone. The weapon Camera's Clear Flags should be set to to depth only. This will keep the graphical display of the environment on the screen, but discard all information about where each object exists in 3-D space. When the gun is drawn, the opaque parts will completely cover anything drawn, regardless of how close the gun is to the wall.
The gun is drawn last, after clearing the depth buffer of the cameras before it
枪是最后绘制的，清理相机的深度缓冲之后。
Don't Clear 不清除
This mode does not clear either the color or the depth buffer. The result is that each frame is drawn over the next, resulting in a smear-looking effect. This isn't typically used in games, and would likely be best used with a custom shader.
The Near and Far Clip Plane properties determine where the Camera's view begins and ends. The planes are laid out perpendicular to the Camera's direction and are measured from the its position. The Near plane is the closest location that will be rendered, and the Far plane is the furthest.
The clipping planes also determine how depth buffer precision is distributed over the scene. In general, to get better precision you should move the Near plane as far as possible.
Note that the near and far clip planes together with the planes defined by the field of view of the camera describe what is popularly known as the camera ***stum. Unity ensures that when rendering your objects those which are completely outside of this ***stum are not displayed. This is called ***stum Culling. ***stum Culling happens irrespective of whether you use Occlusion Culling in your game.
For performance reasons, you might want to cull small objects earlier. For example, small rocks and debris could be made invisible at much smaller distance than large buildings. To do that, put small objects into a separate layer and setup per-layer cull distances using Camera.layerCullDistances script function.
The Culling Mask is used for selectively rendering groups of objects using Layers. More information on using layers can be found here.
消隐遮罩是利用层选择性地渲染组对象。运用层的更多信息可以在这里找到。
Commonly, it is good practice to put your User Interface on a different layer, then render it by itself with a separate Camera set to render the UI layer by itself.
一般情况下，你的用户界面放在不同的层，然后渲染本身与设置一个单独的相机渲染UI层。这是很好的做法。
In order for the UI to display on top of the other Camera views, you'll also need to set the Clear Flags to Depth only and make sure that the UI Camera's Depth is higher than the other Cameras.
Normalized Viewport Rectangles are specifically for defining a certain portion of the screen that the current camera view will be drawn upon. You can put a map view in the lower-right hand corner of the screen, or a missile-tip view in the upper-left corner. With a bit of design work, you can use Viewport Rectangle to create some unique behaviors.
It's easy to create a two-player split screen effect using Normalized Viewport Rectangle. After you have created your two cameras, change both camera H value to be 0.5 then set player one's Y value to 0.5, and player two's Y value to 0. This will make player one's camera display from halfway up the screen to the top, and player two's camera will start at the bottom and stop halfway up the screen.
Two-player display created with Normalized Viewport Rectangle
用规范化视口矩形制造 双玩家 显示
Orthographic 正交
Marking a Camera as Orthographic removes all perspective from the Camera's view. This is mostly useful for making isometric or 2D games.
标识正交相机模式，从相机的视图中删除所有的***效果，最主要用在等距或2D游戏中。
Note that fog is rendered uniformly in orthographic camera mode and may therefore not appear as expected. Read more about why in the component reference on Render Settings.
注意雾是在正交相机模式下渲染，因此可能不会如预期般出现。想知道为什么请看组件手册里的渲染设置（component reference on Render Settings.）。
Perspective camera. ***相机
Orthographic camera. Objects do not get smaller with distance here!
正交相机。在这里物体不随距离而变小
Render Texture 渲染纹理
This feature is only available for Unity Advanced licenses . It will place the camera's view onto a Texture that can then be applied to another object. This makes it easy to create sports arena video monitors, surveillance cameras, reflections etc.
A Render Texture used to create a live arena-cam
用渲染纹理做的竞技场摄像机所拍现场
【Hints 提示】
Cameras can be instantiated, parented, and scripted just like any other GameObject.
相机可以被定制，可以作为父节点，和为之编写脚本，就像GameObject一样。
To increase the sense of speed in a racing game, use a high Field of View.
要增加一个赛车游戏的速度感，使用了高视野（Field of View）。
Cameras can be used in physics simulation if you add a Rigidbody Component.
如果你添加刚体（Rigidbody ）组件，相机可用于物理模拟。
There is no limit to the number of Cameras you can have in your scenes.
在你的场景中，相机的数目不受限制。
Orthographic cameras are great for making 3D user interfaces
正交相机是能很好的制作3D用户界面
If you are experiencing depth artifacts (surfaces close to each other flickering), try setting Near Plane to as large as possible.
如果你遇到深入的构件（表面互相紧密会产生闪烁现象），近裁剪面尽可能设置大点。
Cameras cannot render to the Game Screen and a Render Texture at the same time, only one or the other.
相机无法同时渲染游戏画面和渲染纹理，只能是其中一个。
Pro license holders have the option of rendering a Camera's view to a texture, called Render-to-Texture, for even more unique effects.
Unity专业版有渲染摄像机视图到纹理的选项，叫做渲染到纹理（Render-to-Texture），可以做出更多更好的独特效果。
Unity comes with pre-installed Camera scripts, found in Components->Camera Control. Experiment with them to get a taste of what's possible.
Unity伴随着预先安装的摄像机脚本，在Components->Camera Control能找到。试用一下它们，看看能做什么。
